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"The River Mersey"
Photo ©2001 Northern Lights


Part 4: British Crime Survey and Conclusion

~ THE BRITISH CRIME SURVEY ~


The British Crime Survey has mainly focussed on victims perceptions of crime. This survey also focuses on the extent to which victims worry about crime, the amount of security they feel and how much they think crime has increased in their area. The 1992 British Crime Survey surveyed 10,000 people age 16 and over. The results from the survey concluded many interesting responses about crime. Approximately 57 percent of respondents had the belief that crime had increased in their area. One common response found among women was the overall fear of crime. Thirty percent of the women surveyed had a major fear of being raped. Also, both women and men had a certain level of concern about being on the streets alone at night. About 49 percent of women admitted they felt "very" or "fairly" unsafe when they were outdoors alone whereas only 14 percent of men experienced the same concerns. Most respondents were afraid of being alone due to such issues as mugging, strange people, and gangs. The proportion of respondents feeling anxious about their personal safety have remained fairly stable over the recent years. This fear could be viewed as positive because it creates alertness to possible risks (Maung & Mirrlees-Black, 1994).

Another British Crime Survey was conducted in 1998. The main focus for this survey was to assess the public's attitudes and confidence in their police force. The survey reported that 81% of the people surveyed claimed that they believed the police in their area were doing a relatively good job. This opinion has been fairly constant throughout the nineties. This percentage is slightly biassed because some groups are more favourable toward police than others. For example, individuals who are over the age of sixty and residents who are of high-income and live in rural areas are more likely to have positive attitudes toward the police. Young men between the ages of sixteen to twenty-nine years old tend to be targeted more often by the police. The survey indicated that 32 percent of these men were stopped by police while in their car, when only 14% of older adults were stopped (Yeo & Budd, 2000).

Liverpool has developed a Community Safety Partnership called Citysafe. The partnership is made up of distinctive agencies across Liverpool, such as the local authorities and the police. Every three years the partnership is required to provide an audit of crime disorder levels across Liverpool. According to this audit, the amount crime has decreased over the last three years (Liverpool Crime & Disorder Audit, 2001). Violent crime in Liverpool has risen continually over the last three years. According to the Accident and Emergency Units of two Liverpool hospitals, only half of the assault victims that attend their department actually report the assault to the police. Youth issues are also a concern in Liverpool today. Last year, the Youth Offending team dealt with 4468 offences committed by people between the ages of 10 and 17. Ninety-one percent of these offenses were committed by males. Many different antisocial behaviours were monitored during that year. It was found that the amount of antisocial behaviours reported had decreased compared to previous years. The different types of antisocial behaviours include youth disturbances, neighbourhood disputes, drunkenness, vandalism and public transport disturbances.



Liverpool Clock About To Chime 9

"Liverpool At Sunset"
Liverpool, England
Photo ©2001 Guy Woodland


~ CONCLUSION ~


To understand crime in Liverpool during the 1960s, a thorough analysis of each contributing factor is necessary. Such factors include poverty, unemployment, the uprising of gangs, football hooliganism, the influence of pop-culture, and the growing and sometimes violent contrast between different classes of citizens. Efforts by authorities to diminish crime proved ineffective; whether any such efforts could have undermined these varied factors is difficult to determine.

A direct way in which crime was tamed is in fact extremely difficult to find. Therefore, one can only assume that among the plethora of information surrounding Liverpool, specific methods were used to tame crime. Yet, whether these methods were intentional or unintentional is unknown, and in order to find out, more research would be necessary.




~ REFERENCES ~


Barnes, D. (1998). Sixties British pop culture.

Bloy, M. (2001). A web of English history.

Brack, A. (2001). Sights and sounds of our city.

Glover, E., Manheim, H., & Miller, E. (1965). British Journal of Criminology, 5.

Liverpool crime and disorder audit. (2001). CitySafe Liverpool

Loader, I., & Mulcahy, A. (2001). The power of legitimate naming. British Journal of Criminology, 41, 41-55.

Marsh, P., fox, K., Carnibella, G., McCann, J. & Marsh, J. (1996). Football Violence in Europe.

Maung, N., & Mirrlees-Black, C. (1994). Fear of crime: Findings from the 1992 British Crime Survey. Home Office Research & Statistics Department: Research findings no. 9. London: Hmso Publications Centre.

McWilliams, W. (1975). Some male offender problems. Britain Home Office Research Studies.

Williams, P. N. (2000). England: A narrative history.

Yeo, H., & Budd, T. (2001). Policing and the public: Findings from the British crime survey. Home office research, development and statistics directorate. Research findings no. 133. London: Hmso Publications Centre.



THE
BOOTLE
GROUP
Amy Anderson Steve Borden Kendra Churchill
Jennifer Gallant Aimee Hare Heidi Hope
Eric Hovey Teri-Lyn Jamieson Sarah Jeffrey
Bobby Jo Lee Kris McIllwraith Amanda Melvin
Alisha Millen Nick Oley April Parker
Cheryl Richardson Melody Smith Cindy Stewart
Jennifer Stewart Melissa Tatlock .


Taming Liverpool's Crime - Part 3: Pop Culture and FootballLiverpool Wall of Fame



Submitted on December 4, 2001
© 2001 The Bootle Group. All rights reserved.



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